• Posted August 17, 2022

Too Few Psychiatric Beds: Psychiatrists' Group Takes Aim at Ongoing Crisis

Amid a stark shortage of psychiatric beds that only worsened for millions suffering from mental illnesses during the pandemic, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) is rolling out a new model that can help communities determine exactly how many beds they need.

Having enough in-patient beds would cut down on overcrowding in emergency departments and early release from needed care, the APA added.

"It's not a secret that we have a dire need for psychiatric in-patient beds in this country, but there hasn't been a good way to assess these needs," said APA CEO and Medical Director Dr. Saul Levin. He spoke during a media briefing Tuesday on a new report that addresses the problem.

The model developed by the APA uses many variables to determine exactly how many psychiatric in-patient beds a community needs. Variables include available staff, local resources such as mental health clinics and socioeconomic status indicators including insurance, education and employment status of residents.

There isn't a one-size-fits-all answer when it comes to how many in-patient psychiatric beds a community needs, said Dr. Anita Everett, task force chair on the report and a past APA president.

For example, the number of community outpatient clinics and support services available can mitigate the number of in-patient beds needed. These facilities can also help treat people with mental illness so they don't need to be hospitalized, she said.

Lack of available in-patient beds is a big issue for children and adolescents with mental illnesses, said Dr. Sandra DeJong. She served as the chair of the task force's subgroup on child and adolescent psychiatric beds and is an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.

"In general, we try to avoid in-patient psychiatric care for kids because it can be quite traumatizing for them to be away from their family, so we advocate for the least restrictive services," DeJong said.

This is why an increase in in-patient beds alone won't fix the current crisis. Some communities simply need more outpatient services available for kids who are struggling.

Unless and until there are enough mental health services for kids in need, "keep your child safe during the acute crisis," DeJong said. The good news is that fully one-third of kids get the mental health services they need in school, and kids are returning to school now, she added.

The new model is up and running, but making these beds or services available in a community takes time.

"Integration depends on the ability to build out these elements, such as starting a new wing at an outpatient clinic," Everett said, and that requires ample staff and financial support.

Make some noise if your community doesn't have enough in-patient beds or mental health care services, Levin suggested.

"Reach out to legislators and say 'I am trying to find someone to take care of my kid or get someone into a system of care [and can't],'" he said.

More information

Help is available 24/7 for people experiencing a mental health crisis via the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline.

SOURCES: Saul Levin, MD, CEO, medical director, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C.; Anita Everett, MD, task force chair, past president, American Psychiatric Association, Rockville, Md.; Sandra DeJong, MD, chair, task force subgroup, child and adolescent psychiatric beds, and assistant professor, psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; The Psychiatric Bed Crisis in the U.S.: Understanding the Problem and Moving Toward Solutions, Aug. 16, 2022